Combining Materials Obtained by 3D-Printing and Electrospinning from Commercial Polylactide Filament to Produce Biocompatible Composites.

The design of scaffolds to reach similar three-dimensional structures mimicking the natural and fibrous environment of some cells is a challenge for tissue engineering, and 3D-printing and electrospinning highlights from other techniques in the production of scaffolds. The former is a well-known additive manufacturing technique devoted to the production of custom-made structures with mechanical properties similar to tissues and bones found in the human body, but lacks the resolution to produce small and interconnected structures. The latter is a well-studied technique to produce materials possessing a fibrillar structure, having the advantage of producing materials with tuned composition compared with a 3D-print. Taking the advantage that commercial 3D-printers work with polylactide (PLA) based filaments, a biocompatible and biodegradable polymer, in this work we produce PLA-based composites by blending materials obtained by 3D-printing and electrospinning. Porous PLA fibers have been obtained by the electrospinning of recovered PLA from 3D-printer filaments, tuning the mechanical properties by blending PLA with small amounts of polyethylene glycol and hydroxyapatite. A composite has been obtained by blending two layers of 3D-printed pieces with a central mat of PLA fibers. The composite presented a reduced storage modulus as compared with a single 3D-print piece and possessing similar mechanical properties to bone tissues. Furthermore, the biocompatibility of the composites is assessed by a simulated body fluid assay and by culturing composites with 3T3 fibroblasts. We observed that all these composites induce the growing and attaching of fibroblast over the surface of a 3D-printed layer and in the fibrous layer, showing the potential of commercial 3D-printers and filaments to produce scaffolds to be used in bone tissue engineering.

Computer-assisted planning with 3D printing for mandibular reconstruction caused by a mandibular fracture with secondary osteomyelitis: A Case Report.

Mandibular reconstructions are complex clinical pictures that require careful planning for functional and aesthetic outcomes. Virtual surgical planning and 3D printing are ideal to achieve a predictable result. Through "hybrid techniques" (prebending plates with 3D-models) and free software, this goal is within reach for clinics with limited financial resources.

Leukocyte and Platelet-Rich Fibrin Have Same Effect as Blood Clot in the 3-Dimensional Alveolar Ridge Preservation. A Split-Mouth Randomized Clinical Trial.

PURPOSE: Leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) has been used for alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) in postextraction tooth sockets. However, current reports have measured its effectiveness in linear measurements of 3-dimensional ridge preservation. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the use of L-PRF filling versus natural clot blood healing in ARP according to the clinical, radiographic, and volumetric measurements of postextraction tooth sockets. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A split-mouth randomized clinical trial was designed. Healthy patients who needed bilateral extraction of upper third molars were selected. After the tooth extraction, the socket was filled and distributed randomly with L-PRF and the contralateral socket only with the blood clot. The dimensional change of soft tissue healing around the sockets, and the length, depth, and difference of bone formation were examined using standardized periapical radiographs. Volumetric measurement variation of the sockets was evaluated by 3-dimensional scanning of dental casts. Changes of all measures were analyzed at 7 days (initial) and 3 months (final) after the tooth extraction and compared between both groups (t test; P < .05). RESULTS: Sixteen patients (aged 24.75 ± 3.53 years; 56.25% women) participated. Measurements of wound healing and the length, depth, and difference of bone formation were similar for both study groups at initial and final times. The calculation of initial-final volumetric socket variation was 15.45 ± 13.12 µL using L-PRF and 14.12 ± 11.23 µL using blood clot (P = .78). CONCLUSIONS: L-PRF filling showed the same dimensional and volumetric behavior as normal blood clot healing in the ARP of postextraction tooth sockets. Future investigations will have to analyze the use of surgical models and digital instruments in ARP techniques.

MODELO PARAMÉTRICO DE LA ACTIVIDAD ELÉCTRICA CELULAR CARDIACA ESTIMADO A PARTIR DE REGISTROS ELECTROCARDIOGRÁFICOS ESTÁNDARES / PARAMETRICAL MODEL OF CARDIAC CELL ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY ESTIMATED FROM STANDARD ELECTROCARDIOGRAM RECORDINGS

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo principal relacionar la actividad eléctrica cardiaca celular con la actividad eléctrica cardiaca medida en una sola derivación del electrocardiograma (ECG), mediante un modelo paramétrico de potencial de acción (PA) celular, lo cual se llevó a cabo relacionando dinámicas conocidas, matemáticamente modelables, que existen a nivel de una célula cardiaca, a dinámicas que pueden ser encontradas en un registro ECG estándar. La principal dinámica celular a relacionar con el ECG es la conocida como curva de restitución celular en tres dimensiones, la cual relaciona la duración del potencial de acción celular (APD) con el intervalo diastólico que lo precede y con el mismo APD pero del ciclo cardiaco precedente. Curvas de restitución similares se encontraron en señales ECG registradas durante el test isométrico handgrip, relacionando el intervalo QT con el intervalo TQ que lo precede y con el intervalo QT del ciclo cardiaco precedente. Siguiendo esta similitud, un modelo paramétrico de curva de restitución, extraído de un modelo de PA a tres corrientes iónicas, es ajustado a la curva de restitución del ECG con el fin de estimar los parámetros del modelo de PA. Este modelo es finalmente simulado estimulándolo con un tren de impulsos de frecuencia igual a la frecuencia cardiaca del sujeto experimentado. Los resultados muestran que la curva de restitución obtenida experimentalmente a partir del ECG es similar a la obtenida a partir de la simulación del modelo de PA. Más aún, el APD simulado del modelo sigue de forma satisfactoria la variación en el tiempo del intervalo QT del sujeto experimentado. Esto abre nuevas perspectivas en el análisis de la actividad celular a partir de registros ECG estándar.

The main purpose of this paper is to relate cellular cardiac electrical activity with the cardiac electrical activity measured in only one electrocardiogram (ECG) lead, through a cellular action potential (AP) parametrical model. This is performed by relating known dynamics, which can be mathematically modeled, existing at a cardiac cell level, to dynamics which can be obtained from a standard ECG recording. The main cellular dynamic used for relating with the ECG is the one known as three dimensional cellular restitution curve, which relates the action potential duration (APD) with its preceding diastolic interval and with the APD of the preceding cardiac cycle. Similar restitution curves were found in ECG signals recorded under the isometric handgrip test by relating the QT interval with its preceding TQ interval and with the QT interval of the preceding cardiac cycle. Following this similarity, a parametrical restitution curve, derived from a three ionic current cellular AP model was fitted to the ECG restitution relation for AP model parameter estimation. This model is finally simulated by stimulating it with an impulse train of frequency similar to the heart rate of the tested subject. The results show that the restitution curve experimentally obtained from the ECG is similar to the one obtained from de AP model simulation. Moreover the simulated APD follows satisfactorily the QT interval time variation of the tested subject. This opens new perspectives for the analysis of cellular cardiac electrical activity from standard ECG recordings.